Cf-2/Rcr3pim番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗性测定

Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄不仅能够抵御番茄叶霉菌的侵染,而且对马铃薯金线虫的寄生也有一定的抑制效果。为挖掘根结线虫的新抗性资源,本研究采用室内人工接种法测定了Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)、Cf-2/Rcr3-3和Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗感性。抗性评价结果显示,Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)品系对南方根结线虫表现高感,Cf-2/Rcr3-3品系为中感,而Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)品系则为感病。与Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)和Cf-2/Rcr3-3基因型相比,Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系虽然对南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性略低,但是不能阻止线虫在根系上的大量繁殖,不适于根结线虫的防控应用。     

基于形态学及多基因位点的枸杞褐斑病病原鉴定

枸杞Lycium barbarum Mill.是一种药食两用的名贵中药材,褐斑病是2010年在甘肃省枸杞种植区发生的由无性态类真菌新种枸杞小黑梨孢Stigmella lycii引起的新病害,据2015年-2018年调查,该病害已扩展至甘肃省各枸杞种植区,常年发病率45%～65%,严重度2～3级。本研究首次对枸杞小黑梨孢有性态形态进行描述,并结合分子生物学方法,确定该病病原菌的系统发育地位,为该病的防治提供一定的理论依据。枸杞褐斑病菌在离体培养条件下和越冬病叶上均可形成有性态。子囊壳球形至亚球形,大小185.6μm×176.6μm,有喙,喙的大小为(35.7～53.6)μm×(32.0～53.55)μm;子囊袋状,大小(103.2～165.7)μm×(15.7～22.4)μm,含8个子囊孢子;子囊孢子砖格状,大小(25.9～36.5)μm×(9.4～14.1)μm,平均31.2μm×12.3μm,具(4～)6～7个纵隔和1～3个横隔。通过ITS、LSU、RPB2和EF1-α多基因位点联合构建系统发育树,确定该菌为子囊菌门格孢腔菌目格孢腔菌科真菌。秋末冬初清洁田园,减少来年初侵染源,是有效防治枸杞褐斑病的关键措施。     

Foliar lifespan,phenology and seasonal dynamics of the invasive shrub Schinus terebinthifolia

Schinus terebinthifolia is a dioecious tree native to South America that has become an invasive weed in Florida, southern California, southern Arizona, Texas and Hawaii and has been naturalised in over 20 countries. Biological control is considered a viable long-term control option for S. terebinthifolia because release from natural enemies appears to be at least partly responsible for its success in Florida. We examined leaf phenology of S. terebinthifolia over a period of 15 months at five sites in central and southern Florida to provide information that may help in predicting the impacts of potential biocontrol agents for this weed. We documented leaf lifespan, the seasonality of leaf development and abscission and the survivorship of leaves that emerged during either spring, summer or autumn. Average leaf lifespan was >4.5 months at all sites, and leaf phenology followed the seasons closely. Although S. terebinthifolia possesses leaves throughout the year, leaf production was greatest from April to September, and most leaves were abscised in February and March. Spring- and summer-emerging leaves were also longer-lived than leaves produced during autumn. These results suggest that leaves of S. terebinthifolia would be most vulnerable to herbivory during the spring and summer months when newly growing leaf tissue is most plentiful. Biocontrol agents capable of damaging these tissues during spring/summer might be an effective means of controlling this invasive weed.     

木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒编码蛋白的亚细胞定位分析

 木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCuMV)是典型的单组分双生病毒,并伴随β卫星分子,是棉花曲叶病的主要病原之一。本研究利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达系统,将CLCuMV及其卫星分子编码的7个病毒蛋白在本氏烟表皮细胞中表达。通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现:V1、C2和C3定位于细胞核;C1和βC1定位在细胞核以及细胞质或细胞膜上,并且在细胞质中形成丝状结构;V2和C4主要定位在细胞质或细胞膜上,细胞核也有微量表达,V2可形成大小不一的颗粒状聚集体结构,C4在细胞膜上可见点状聚集体结构。同时,利用RT-PCR和Western blot对病毒各基因的转录和表达水平进行了分析。CLCuMV编码蛋白的亚细胞定位为蛋白功能的进一步研究提供重要理论依据。     

PEG胁迫下春小麦萌发期抗旱指标的遗传力

为探索干旱胁迫对春小麦萌发期生长的影响,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。以宁夏灌区和雨养区的2种粒色（红皮和白皮）40份春小麦的抗旱品系为试验材料,研究PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对胚根长、胚根数、胚芽鞘长和一叶长的影响。利用广义遗传力分析法,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。胚根长的广义遗传力最高,均大于0.55,遗传力的控制程度稳定。雨养区的红粒种子胚根长的遗传力高达0.95;雨养区的红粒种子的胚芽鞘长的广义遗传力最高,达0.94,但其遗传力控制程度不稳定,最低遗传力仅为0.06;胚根数和一叶长的遗传力很低,且控制程度极不稳定。春小麦萌发期胚根长的广义遗传力最高,控制程度稳定。其次是胚芽鞘长,但其遗传力的控制程度不稳定。胚根长可作为春小麦萌发期的抗旱指标鉴定抗旱材料,以胚芽鞘的长度为参考值。     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

微喷带单孔水量分布影响因素试验研究

为了探究微喷带管径、喷孔结构、工作压力以及喷射角度对单孔水量分布影响,以常用的机械打孔的Ф28,Ф32,Ф40和Ф50这4种微喷带为研究对象,通过调节微喷带的喷射角度和工作压力,研究微喷带正常运行时单孔喷水(其他孔进行遮挡,不混入测试单孔的水流中)特性,测定了不同工作压力条件下射程、湿润面积、干燥区宽度等参数.结果表明:喷水射程随喷射角度先增大再减小,射程最大值为30°~ 40°,随工作压力的增大而增大;湿润区宽度与喷射角度、工作压力均存在正相关的关系;射程与干燥区宽度随喷射角度的变化规律相同;湿润区面积的最大值出现在喷射角度为50°时.在实际运行中,建议微喷带喷射角度为30°~50°,并应根据干燥区与射程合理布置相邻微喷带的铺设间距.     

油棕叶梗重组方材制备工艺

以油棕叶梗为原材料、酚醛树脂为胶黏剂，采用正交试验方法研究重组方材密度、施胶量、热压时间和热压温度对油棕叶梗重组方材力学性能的影响。结果表明，密度对油棕叶梗重组方材性能的影响较大，密度和施胶量越大，重组方材力学性能越好；热压温度和热压时间对油棕叶梗重组方材性能的影响比较复杂。综合考虑确定油棕叶梗重组方材的较优制备工艺条件为:密度0.7 g/cm³，施胶量12%，热压温度180℃，热压时间40 min；较优工艺条件下油棕叶梗重组方材的弹性模量为7 185 MPa，静曲强度为68.7 MPa，顺纹抗压强度为35 MPa，内结合强度为0.21 MPa。密度为0.7 g/cm³的油棕叶梗重组方材的弹性模量、静曲强度、顺纹抗压强度高于了杉木的性能。     

橡胶树优树无性系自然越冬过程生理指标变化研究

以橡胶树5个人工杂交子代优树无性系苗木为材料，通过自然越冬低温处理，以抗寒品种GT1为对照，测定了5个时间梯度下10个生理指标的变化过程，并利用隶属函数法对各无性系抗寒性进行综合评价。结果表明，整个自然越冬过程中各无性系间相对含水量、相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧阴离子（OFR）、氨基酸（AA）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标差异均达到了极显著（P<0.01）水平；温度较高时各无性系间丙二醛（MDA）含量差异未达到显著水平。自然越冬过程中，各生理指标呈现不同的变化规律，其中相对含水量和脯氨酸含量呈先降后升变化，SOD、POD酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量呈“升—降—升”变化，相对电导率、MDA和可溶性糖含量呈“降—升—降”变化、OFR含量呈先升后降、AA含量呈“降—升—降—升”变化。各无性系间抗寒性差异较明显，应用隶属函数法综合评价抗寒性由强到弱依次为629号＞626号＞182号＞223号＞GT1（对照）＞628号。     

直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫和复水的响应及适应策略

以直立型扁蓿豆[Medicago ruthenica（L.）Sojak.cv.Zhilixing]为材料，于苗期连续干旱处理12 d后复水4 d，研究直立型扁蓿豆幼苗形态结构特征、生理代谢及生物量分配对干旱胁迫及复水的响应，揭示直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应策略。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫时间延长，直立型扁蓿豆叶片气孔开放率逐渐降低，处理9 d后气孔及表皮细胞密度比正常浇水处理（CK）分别增加48.5%和36.6%，形成小而密的表皮细胞和气孔。生理上，除MDA含量随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加外，其余指标均先升高后降低，干旱胁迫9 d时达最高，SOD、POD、叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸分别较CK提高88.9%、111.2%、86.7%、140.5%、147.8%和124.6%。同时，生物量随胁迫时间的延长先增大后减小，于干旱胁迫9 d达最大值，比CK增加16.4%，总的分配格局表现出地上生物量投资高于地下，地下生物量投资比例随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加，而地上生物量变化与其相反。复水后各指标均能恢复至CK水平或超过CK，表现出极强的复水敏感性和潜在恢复能力。该品种扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应主要分为3个时期：主动适应期，其生理参数的可塑性指数为形态参数的1.33倍，主要通过抗氧化及渗透调节来减少水分散失增加水分吸收、缓解氧化伤害以适应干旱逆境；被动适应期，其形态参数的可塑性指数为生理参数的1.31倍，主要采用牺牲生物量的生存策略以及降低色素含量减少光吸收的光保护机制来提高逆境下的生存能力；复水恢复期，根冠比、气孔开放率、气孔及表皮细胞密度比CK分别增加25.9%、29.7%、24.2%和16.3%，其较高的根冠比和叶片较高的气孔开放率及小而密的气孔及表皮细胞特征，保证了直立型扁蓿豆吸水能力以及水分运输效率的迅速恢复。综上，直立型扁蓿豆抗旱能力较强，能够通过形态生理的改变以及调整不同器官的生物量分配来应对与适应干旱逆境及复水，且在不同处理阶段采取不同的适应策略以达到生存目的。